January 13, 2023
The Story of CO2 and Why the Atmospheric Increase is Natural
Richard Cronin
Here’s the story on CO2.
3. Geochemical Reactions
3.1 The geochemical reactions throughout the Upper and Lower Mantle are almost entirely exothermic (give off heat). Several mineral transformations
3.2 Significant amount of sulfur resides at the Core-Mantle Boundary, in the form of metal sulfides (i.e. Iron Sulfide, pyrites). (L. Deng. et al). Sulfur accreted to the interior of the planet by enstatite chrondites, the meteoric building blocks of all major celestial bodies (Boyet, Herndon, et al)
3.3 With heat coming from deeper inside the planet, the Iron Pyrites undergo a melt separation (Ref). The molten Iron joins with the Outer Core and molten sulfur percolates upward. As further evidence of this melt separation , it has been observed that the rotation of the planet has sped up starting from the earliest use of atomic clocks in the 1960s. A new record was set on July 27, 2022. (Ref) Rotation speeds up as more Iron consolidates to the Core.
3.4 Water is also released at the Core Mantle boundary initiating the formation of diamonds. (Ref) Hydrous minerals like Ringwoodite reside in the Transition Zone (410 to 660 km down) and have been found in diamond inclusions. At the conditions at the boundary between the Lower Mantle and the Transition Zone, hydrous minerals undergo melt dehydration releasing more water and producing magma. (Ref) ( W. Panero)
3.5 At a depth of approx. 1500 km, Oxygen is liberated from the transformation of Fe2O4 to Fe2O3. In interview, Univ. of Bayreuth researcher, Dr. Elena Bykova describes "Rivers of liquid Oxygen” percolating up from these regions (Ref). Molten sulfur reacts with liquid Oxygen to produce SO2 and other sulfur-bearing acids.
3.6 Oxygen also reacts with many metals in the Lower Mantle. (Ref. Karato) Several catalysts are metal oxides. Metal fires are extremely exothermic. Lithium is a metal which can spontaneously combust. Lithium battery fires in electric buses are an increasingly frequent occurrence.
3.7 Upon planetary formation heavier metals descended into the Lower Mantle (Kamis). Osmiums-Iridium
extensive volcanism as the cause of the Great Extinctions (Keller) them is certainly Vanadium. See section 5.
3.8 With an excess of Oxygen, Vanadium Pentoxide (Va2O5) can form, which is a catalyst in the Contact Process to produce SO3. SO3 then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid.
3.9 In the western U.S., centered on Yellowstone, one such carbonate reservoir covers an area larger than, Mexico. Researchers from the University of London describe that just this carbonate layer ALONE has an area measuring approx. 1.8 million sq. km with a thickness ranging from 25 to 70 km. In interview, the researchers from Univ. of London estimate that if just 1 % of this Yellowstone carbonate layer decomposed it would be equivalent to burning 2.3 trillion barrels of oil. The researchers from University of London downplayed any likelihood of carbonate decomposition but decomposition is assured by SO2 and related sulfur-bearing acids ascending from the Lower Mantle. (Ref.)
Reference, Forbes magazine, 30-April-2017. Fig. 3.a
Changes in solar and planetary tidal stresses can change that process, accelerating it.
Here’s the story on CO2.
3. Geochemical Reactions
3.1 The geochemical reactions throughout the Upper and Lower Mantle are almost entirely exothermic (give off heat). Several mineral transformations
3.2 Significant amount of sulfur resides at the Core-Mantle Boundary, in the form of metal sulfides (i.e. Iron Sulfide, pyrites). (L. Deng. et al). Sulfur accreted to the interior of the planet by enstatite chrondites, the meteoric building blocks of all major celestial bodies (Boyet, Herndon, et al)
3.3 With heat coming from deeper inside the planet, the Iron Pyrites undergo a melt separation (Ref). The molten Iron joins with the Outer Core and molten sulfur percolates upward. As further evidence of this melt separation , it has been observed that the rotation of the planet has sped up starting from the earliest use of atomic clocks in the 1960s. A new record was set on July 27, 2022. (Ref) Rotation speeds up as more Iron consolidates to the Core.
3.4 Water is also released at the Core Mantle boundary initiating the formation of diamonds. (Ref) Hydrous minerals like Ringwoodite reside in the Transition Zone (410 to 660 km down) and have been found in diamond inclusions. At the conditions at the boundary between the Lower Mantle and the Transition Zone, hydrous minerals undergo melt dehydration releasing more water and producing magma. (Ref) ( W. Panero)
3.5 At a depth of approx. 1500 km, Oxygen is liberated from the transformation of Fe2O4 to Fe2O3. In interview, Univ. of Bayreuth researcher, Dr. Elena Bykova describes "Rivers of liquid Oxygen” percolating up from these regions (Ref). Molten sulfur reacts with liquid Oxygen to produce SO2 and other sulfur-bearing acids.
3.6 Oxygen also reacts with many metals in the Lower Mantle. (Ref. Karato) Several catalysts are metal oxides. Metal fires are extremely exothermic. Lithium is a metal which can spontaneously combust. Lithium battery fires in electric buses are an increasingly frequent occurrence.
3.7 Upon planetary formation heavier metals descended into the Lower Mantle (Kamis). Osmiums-Iridium
extensive volcanism as the cause of the Great Extinctions (Keller) them is certainly Vanadium. See section 5.
3.8 With an excess of Oxygen, Vanadium Pentoxide (Va2O5) can form, which is a catalyst in the Contact Process to produce SO3. SO3 then reacts with water to produce sulfuric acid.
3.9 In the western U.S., centered on Yellowstone, one such carbonate reservoir covers an area larger than, Mexico. Researchers from the University of London describe that just this carbonate layer ALONE has an area measuring approx. 1.8 million sq. km with a thickness ranging from 25 to 70 km. In interview, the researchers from Univ. of London estimate that if just 1 % of this Yellowstone carbonate layer decomposed it would be equivalent to burning 2.3 trillion barrels of oil. The researchers from University of London downplayed any likelihood of carbonate decomposition but decomposition is assured by SO2 and related sulfur-bearing acids ascending from the Lower Mantle. (Ref.)
Reference, Forbes magazine, 30-April-2017. Fig. 3.a
Changes in solar and planetary tidal stresses can change that process, accelerating it.
Posted by: Timothy Birdnow at
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Really, all that needs to be said to debunk green advocates is that, "Warmer oceans and melted ice caps are causing colder winters."
Posted by: Bill H at January 14, 2023 10:10 AM (Q7br2)
2
It does Bill. It illustrates that either there is no there there OR there are negative feedbacks tamping down any changes. Both rebut the view of the Gang Green.
Posted by: Timothy Birdnow at January 15, 2023 09:31 AM (c2B7+)
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