November 28, 2020
Be it Ever so Crumbly there's No Place Like Rome
Timothy Birdnow
Ever wonder why Roman structures have lasted so long while our own crumble away after a few years? They used concrete, same as do we. But ours are gone in no time while theirs are still around.
The answer; they used seawater.
From the article:
Ever wonder why Roman structures have lasted so long while our own crumble away after a few years? They used concrete, same as do we. But ours are gone in no time while theirs are still around.
The answer; they used seawater.
From the article:
"Now, scientists have finally figured out why: a special ingredient that
makes the cement grow stronger—not weaker—over time. Scientists began
their search with an ancient recipe for mortar, laid down by Roman
engineer Marcus Vitruvius in 30 B.C.E. It called for a concoction of
volcanic ash, lime, and seawater, mixed together with volcanic rocks
and spread into wooden molds that were then immersed in more sea water.
History contains many references to the durability of Roman concrete,
including this cryptic note written in 79 B.C.E., describing concrete
exposed to seawater as: "a single stone mass, impregnable to the waves
and everyday stronger.†What did it mean? To find out, the researchers
studied drilled cores of a Roman harbor from Pozzuoli Baynear Naples,
Italy. When they analyzed it, they found that the seawater had
dissolved components of the volcanic ash, allowing new binding minerals
to grow. Within a decade, a very rare hydrothermal mineral called
aluminum tobermorite (Al-tobermorite) had formed in the concrete.
Al-tobermorite, long known to give Roman concrete its strength,it reacts with volcanic ash and crystals to form Al-tobermorite and a porous mineral called phillipsite, they write today in American Mineralogist.
So will you be seeing stronger piers and breakwaters anytime soon?
Because both minerals take centuries to strengthen concrete, modern
scientists are still working on recreating a modern version of Roman
cement.
can be made in the lab, but it’s very difficult to incorporate it in
concrete. But the researchers found that when seawater percolates
through a cement matrix,"
Posted by: Timothy Birdnow at
11:14 AM
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